Piperazine is an anthelmintic drug used in the treatment of endoparasitic "worm" infestations in humans and domestic animals. As a cure for pinworms and common roundworms, piperazine paralyzes the parasites, allowing them to pass in the feces.

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As the simplest cyclic member of the ethyleneamine family of organic compounds, piperazine includes two secondary amine groups, and has a molecular weight of 86.14 in its anhydrous form. The boiling point for the typical 68-percent aqueous piperazine solution is 117.8 degrees Celsius while the freezing point is 48 degrees Celsius. Alternative names include diethylenediamine and hexahydropyrazine, as well as several trade or brand names. Forming a white or transparent crystalline substance, piperazine and its derivatives are being examined by the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) and its British counterpart organization, in an effort to establish worker exposure limits because of a suspected risk of developing clinical asthma through exposure to the chemical.

The popular little blue pill for treating male impotence, Viagra, is a synthetic heterocyclic piperazine derivative. Other pharmaceuticals derived from piperazine include antihistamines and motion-sickness drugs that act similarly to Dramamine. An aqueous solution of piperazine is commonly used in the manufacture of polyamide resins, epoxy curing agents, and urethanes applied as spray foams, building panels, elastomers, and as utilized for automobile and appliance construction. As a restricted-use pesticide, diethylenediamine is marketed as triforine and is labeled to treat a wide variety of food crops, cotton, tobacco, and many horticultural species for fungal infections.