Our visitors will find in the following listing many of the commonly-used fluorochromes, with their respective peak excitation and emission wavelengths. The authors wish to express particular appreciation to Molecular Probes, Inc. for supplying some of this information; several other sources in the literature were also helpful.

While the authors assume responsibility for the accurate reporting of the data as published in various reliable sources, several caveats must be given. Fluorochrome dyes are environmentally sensitive and different results will be obtained with different solvents and applications. In reviewing the literature, you will frequently find somewhat different data supplied for the identical fluorochrome. There are also, in many instances, several sub-varieties of a fluorochrome.

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Fluorescence Filter Cubes Discover how variations in excitation and barrier filters allow certain wavelengths to pass.

The "Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals", published by Molecular Probes, Inc. in Eugene, Oregon is a rich source of information about fluorochrome dyes. Much information about fluorochromes will also be found in sources cited in the bibliography and Web resources guide which visitors will find on the primer introductory page. See particularly the books edited by Taylor et al. and the literature published by microscope companies. Also, consult the publications of Omega Optical and Chroma Technology.

It is strongly urged that the data for a particular fluorochrome be confirmed by consulting the dye manufacturer to secure full specification of curves for excitation and emission.

Fluorochrome Peak Excitation and Emission Wavelengths

Fluorochrome Excitation Wavelength Emission Wavelength Acid Fuchsin 540 630 Acridine Orange (Bound to DNA) 502 526 Acridine Red 455-600 560-680 Acridine Yellow 470 550 Acriflavin 436 520 AFA (Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA) 355-425 460 Alizarin Complexon 530-560 580 Alizarin Red 530-560 580 Allophycocyanin 650 661 ACMA 430 474 AMCA-S, AMC 345 445 Aminoactinomycin D 555 655 7-Aminoactinomycin D-AAD 546 647 Aminocoumarin 350 445 Anthroyl Stearate 361-381 446 Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G 500 585 Astrazon Orange R 470 540 Astrazon Red 6B 520 595 Astrazon Yellow 7 GLL 450 480 Atabrine 436 490 Auramine 460 550 Aurophosphine 450-490 515 Aurophosphine G 450 580 BAO 9-(Bisamino- phenyloxadiazole) 365 395 BCECF 505 530 Berberine Sulphate 430 550 Bisbenzamide 360 600-610 BOBO-1, BO-PRO-1 462 481 Blancophor FFG Solution 390 470 Blancophor SV 370 435 Bodipy Fl 503 512 Bodipy TMR 542 574 Bodipy TR 589 617 BOPRO 1 462 481 Brilliant Sulpho- flavin FF 430 520 Calcein 494 517 Calcien Blue 370 435 Calcium Green 505 532 Calcium Orange 549 576 Calcofluor RW Solution 370 440 Calcofluor White 440 500-520 Calcofluor White ABT Solution 380 475 Calcofluor White Standard Solution 365 435 5-(and 6-)carboxy SNARF-1 indicator 548(low pH) 576(high pH) 587(low pH) 635(high pH) 6-Carboxyrhodamine 6G 525 555 Cascade Blue 400 425 Catecholamine 410 470 Chinacrine 450-490 515 CL-NERF 504(low pH) 514(high pH) 587(low pH) 540(high pH) Coriphosphine O 460 575 Coumarin-Phalloidin 387 470 CY3.18 554 568 CY5.18 649 666 CY7 710 805 DANS (1-DimethylAmino- Naphthaline-5-Sulphonic Acid) 340 525 DANSA (DiaminoNaphthyl- Sulphonic Acid) 340-380 430 Dansyl NH-CH3 in water 340 578 DAPI 350 470 DiA 456 590 Diamino Phenyl Oxydiazole (DAO) 280 460 Di-8-ANEPPS 488 605 Dimethylamino-5- Sulphonic Acid 310-370 520 DiI [DiIC18(3)] 549 565 DiO [DiOC18(3)] 484 501 Diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF 430 520 DM-NERF 497(low pH) 510(high pH) 527(low pH) 536(high pH) Dopamine 340 490-520 ELF-97 alcohol 345 530 Eosin 525 545 Erythrosin ITC 530 558 Ethidium Bromide 510 595 Euchrysin 430 540 FIF (Formaldehyde Induced Fluorescence) 405 435 Flazo Orange 375-530 612 Fluorescein 494 518 Fluorescein Iso- thiocyanate (FITC) 490 525 Fluo 3 485 503 FM1-43 479 598 Fura-2 363(low [Ca2+]) 335(high [Ca2+]) 512(low [Ca2+]) 505(high [Ca2+]) Fura Red 472(low [Ca2+]) 436(high [Ca2+]) 657(low [Ca2+]) 637(high [Ca2+]) Genacryl Brilliant Red B 520 590 Genacryl Brilliant Yellow 10GF 430 485 Genacryl Pink 3G 470 583 Genacryl Yellow 5GF 430 475 Gloxalic Acid 405 460 Granular Blue 355 425 Haematoporphyrin 530-560 580 Hoechst 33258, 33342 (Bound to DNA) 352 461 3-Hydroxypyrene-5,- 8,10-TriSulfonic Acid 403 513 7-Hydroxy-4- methylcoumarin 360 455 5-Hydroxy- Tryptamine (5-HT) 380-415 520-530 Indo-1 350 405-482 Intrawhite Cf Liquid 360 430 Leucophor PAF 370 430 Leucophor SF 380 465 Leucophor WS 395 465 Lissamine Rhodamine B200 (RD200) 575 595 Lucifer Yellow CH 425 528 Lucifer Yellow VS 430 535 LysoSensor Blue DND-192, DND-167 374 425 LysoSensor Green DND-153, DND-189 442 505 LysoSensor Yellow/Blue 384(low pH) 329(high pH) 540(low pH) 440(high pH) LysoTracker Green 504 511 LysoTracker Yellow 534 551 LysoTracker Red 577 592 Magdala Red 524 600 Magnesium Green 506 531 Magnesium Orange 550 575 Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 10 GFF 450 495 Maxilon Brilliant Flavin 8 GFF 460 495 Mitotracker Green FM 490 516 Mitotracker Orange CMTMRos 551 576 MPS (Methyl Green Pyronine Stilbene) 364 395 Mithramycin 450 570 NBD 465 535 NBD Amine 450 530 Nile Red 515-530 525-605 Nitrobenzoxadidole 460-470 510-650 Noradrenaline 340 490-520 Nuclear Fast Red 289-530 580 Nuclear Yellow 365 495 Nylosan Brilliant Flavin E8G 460 510 Oregon Green 488 fluorophore 496 524 Oregon Green 500 fluorophore 503 522 Oregon Green 514 fluorophore 511 530 Pararosaniline (Feulgen) 570 625 Phorwite AR Solution 360 430 Phorwite BKL 370 430 Phorwite Rev 380 430 Phorwite RPA 375 430 Phosphine 3R 465 565 Phosphine R 480-565 578 Pontochrome Blue Black 535-553 605 POPO-1, PO-PRO-1 434 456 Primuline 410 550 Procion Yellow 470 600 Propidium Iodide 536 617 Pyronine 410 540 Pyronine B 540-590 560-650 Pyrozal Brilliant Flavin 7GF 365 495 Quinacrine Mustard 423 503 R-phycoerythrin 565 575 Rhodamine 110 496 520 Rhodamine 123 511 534 Rhodamine 5 GLD 470 565 Rhodamine 6G 526 555 Rhodamine B 540 625 Rhodamine B 200 523-557 595 Rhodamine B Extra 550 605 Rhodamine BB 540 580 Rhodamine BG 540 572 Rhodamine Green fluorophore 502 527 Rhodamine Red 570 590 Rhodamine WT 530 555 Rhodol Green fluorophore 499 525 Rose Bengal 540 550-600 Serotonin 365 520-540 Sevron Brilliant Red 2B 520 595 Sevron Brilliant Red 4G 500 583 Sevron Brilliant Red B 530 590 Sevron Orange 440 530 Sevron Yellow L 430 490 SITS (Primuline) 395-425 450 SITS (Stilbene Isothiosulphonic Acid) 365 460 Sodium Green 507 535 Stilbene 335 440 Snarf 1 563 639 Sulpho Rhodamine B Can C 520 595 Sulpho Rhodamine G Extra 470 570 SYTOX Green nucleic acid stain 504 523 SYTO Green fluorescent nucleic acid stains 494 ± 6 515 ± 7 SYTO Green fluorescent nucleic acid stains 515 ± 7 543 ± 13 SYTO 17 red fluorescent nucleic acid stain 621 634 Tetracycline 390 560 TRITC (Tetramethyl Rhodamine Isothiocyanate) 557 576 Texas Red 596 615 Thiazine Red R 510 580 Thioflavin S 430 550 Thioflavin TCN 350 460 Thioflavin 5 430 550 Thiolyte 370-385 477-484 Thiozol Orange 453 480 Tinopol CBS 390 430 TOTO 1, TO-RRO-1 514 533 TOTO 3, TO-PRO-3 642 661 True Blue 365 420-430 Ultralite 656 678 Uranine B 420 520 Uvitex SFC 365 435 X-Rhodamine 580 605 Xylene Orange 546 580 XRITC 582 601 YOYO-1, YOYO-PRO-1 491 509 YOYO-3, YOYO-PRO-3 612 631